ASTM B381 Specification

This specification2 covers 39 grades of annealed titanium and titanium alloy forgings.

Chemical Composition

Grade Tensile Strength, min Yield Strength (0.2 % Offset), min or Range Elongation in 4D, min, % Reduction of Area, min, %
ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa)
F-1 35 (240) 20 (138) 24 30
F-2 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30
F-2HB,C 58 (400) 40 (275) 20 30
F-3 65t (450)t 55 (380) 18 30
F-4 80t (550)t 70 (483) 15 25
F-5 130 (895) 120 (828) 10 25
F-6 120 (828) 115 (795) 10 25
F-7 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30
F-7HB,C 58 (400) 40 (275) 20 30
F-9 120 (828) 110 (759) 10 25
F-9D 90 (620) 70 (483) 15 25
F-11 35 (240) 20 (138) 24 30
F-12 70 (483) 50 (345) 18 25
F-13 40 (275) 25 (170) 24 30
F-14 60 (410) 40 (275) 20 30
F-15 70 (483) 55 (380) 18 25
F-16 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30
F-16HB,C 58 (400) 40 (275) 20 30
F-17 35 (240) 20 (138) 24 30
F-18 90 (620) 70 (483) 15 25
F-18D 90 (620) 70 (483) 12 20
F-19E 115 (793) 110 (759) 15 25
F-19F 135 (930) 130 to 159 (897) to (1096) 10 20
F-19G 165 (1138) 160 to 185 (1104) to (1276) 5 20
F-20E 115 (793) 110 (759) 15 25
F-20F 135 (930) 130 to 159 (897) to (1096) 10 20
F-20G 165 (1138) 160 to 185 (1104) to (1276) 5 20
F-21E 115 (793) 110 (759) 15 35
F-21F 140 (966) 130 to 159 (897) to (1096) 10 30
F-21G 170 (1172) 160 to 185 (1104) to (1276) 8 20
F-23 120 (828) 110 (759) 10 25
F-23D 120 (828) 110 (759) 7.5H, 6.01 25
F-24 130 (895) 120 (828) 10 25
F-25 130 (895) 120 (828) 10 25
F-26 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30
F-26HB,C 58 (400) 40 (275) 20 30
F-27 35 (240) 20 (138) 24 30
F-28 90 (620) 70 (483) 15 25
F-28D 90 (620) 70 (483) 12 20
F-29 120 (828) 110 (759) 10 25
F-29D 120 (828) 110 {759) 7.5H, 6.01 15
F-30 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30
F-31 65 (450) 55 (380) 18 30
F-32 100 (689) 85 (586) 10 25
F-33 50 (345) 40 (275) 20 30
F-34 65 (450) 55 (380) 18 30
F-35 130 (895) 120 (828) 5 20
F-36 65 (450) 60 to 95 (410 to 655) 10
F-37 50 (345) 31 (215) 20 30
F-38 130 (895) 115 (794) 10 25
Note:

A. These properties apply to forgings having a cross section no greater than 3 in.2 (1935 mm2). Mechanical properties of forgings having greater cross sections shall be negotiated between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
B. Material is identical to the corresponding numeric grade (that is, Grade F-2H = Grade F-2) except for the higher guaranteed minimum UTS, and may be dual certified with its corresponding numeric grade. Grade F-2H, F-7H, F-16H, and F-26H are intended primarily for pressure vessel use.
C. The H grades were added in response to a user association request based on its study of over 5200 commercial Grade 2, 7, 16, and 26 test reports where over 99 % met the 58 ksi minimum UTS.
D. Properties for material in transformed-beta condition.
E. Properties for material in the solution treated condition.
F. Properties for solution treated and aged condition-Moderate strength (determined by aging temperature).
G. Properties for solution treated and aged condition-High Strength (determined by aging temperature).
H. For product section or wall thickness values <1.0 in. I For product section or wall thickness values ≤1.0 in. † Tensile strength for Grade F-3 and F-4 was corrected editorially.

Mechanical Properties

Element Composition, %
F-1 F-2 F-2H F-3 F-4 F-5 F-6 F-7 F-7H F-9 F-11 F-12
Nitrogen,max 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Carbon,max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
Hydrogen,8·c max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
Iron, max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.30
Oxygen, max 0.18 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.18 0.25
Aluminum ... ... ... ... ... 5.5-6.75 4.0-6.0 ... ... 2.5-3.5 ... ...
Vanadium ... ... ... ... ... 3.5-4.5 ... ... ... 2.0-3.0 ... ...
Tin ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.0-3.0 ... ... ... ... ...
Ruthenium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Palladium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.12-0.25 0.12-0.25 ... 0.12-0.25 ...
Cobalt ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Molybdenum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.2-0.4
Chromium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.6-0.9
Nickel ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Niobium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Zirconium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Silicon ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Residuals, max eachD,E,F 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Residuals, max totalD,E,F 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
TitaniumG balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance
Element Composition, %
F-13 F-14 F-15 F-16 F-16H F-17 F-18 F-19 F-20 F-21 F-23
Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08
Hydrogen,B,C max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.02 0.02 0.015 0.0125
Iron, max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.25
Oxygen, max 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.13
Aluminum ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.5-3.5 3.0-4.0 3.0-4.0 2.5-3.5 5.5-6.5
Vanadium ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.0–3.0 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 ... 3.5-4.5
Tin ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ruthenium 0.04-0.06 0.04-0.06 0.04-0.06 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Palladium ... ... ... 0.04-0.08 0.04-0.08 0.04-0.08 0.04-0.08 ... 0.04-0.08 ... ...
Cobalt ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Molybdenum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.5-4.5 3.5-4.5 14.0-16.0 ...
Chromium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.5-6.5 5.5-6.5 ... ...
Nickel 0.4-0.6 0.4-0.6 0.4-0.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Niobium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.2-3.2 ...
Zirconium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.5-4.5 3.5-4.5 ... ...
Silicon ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.15-0.25 ...
Residuals,D,E,F max each 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1
Residuals,D,E,F max total   0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
TitaniumG balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance
Element Composition, %
F-24 F-25 F-26 F-26H F-27 F-28 F-29
Nitrogen, max 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
Hydrogen,B,C max 0.015 0.0125 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
Iron, max 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.25
Oxygen, max 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.13
Aluminum 5.5-6.75 5.5-6.75 ... ... ... 2.5-3.5 5.5-6.5
Vanadium 3.5-4.5 3.5-4.5 ... ... ... 2.0-3.0 3.5-4.5
Tin ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ruthenium ... ... 0.08-0.14 0.8-0.14 0.08-0.14 0.08-0.14 0.08-0.14
Palladium 0.04–0.08 0.04–0.08 ... ... ... ... ...
Cobalt ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Molybdenum ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Chromium ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Nickel ... 0.3–0.8 ... ... ... ... ...
Niobium ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Zirconium ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Silicon ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Residuals,D,E,F max each 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Residuals,D,E,F max total   0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
TitaniumG balance balance balance balance balance balance balance
Element Composition, %
F-30 F-31 F-32 F-33 F-34 F-35 F-36 F-37 F-38
Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03
Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.08
Hydrogen,B,C max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.0035 0.015 0.015
Iron, max 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.20-0.80 0.03 0.30 1.2-1.8
Oxygen, max 0.25 0.35 0.11 0.25 0.35 0.25 0.16 0.25 0.20-0.30
Aluminum ... ... 4.5-5.5 ... ... 4.0-5.0 ... 1.0-2.0 3.5-4.5
Vanadium ... ... 0.6-1.4 ... ... 1.1-2.1 ... ... 2.0-3.0
Tin ... ... 0.6-1.4 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ruthenium ... ... ... 0.02-0.04 0.02-0.04 ... ... ... ...
Palladium 0.04-0.08 0.04-0.08 ... 0.01-0.02 0.01-0.02 ... ... ... ...
Cobalt 0.20-0.80 0.20-0.80 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Molybdenum ... ... 0.6-1.2 ... ... 1.5-2.5 ... ... ...
Chromium ... ... ... 0.1-0.2 0.1-0.2 ... ... ... ...
Nickel ... ... ... 0.35·0.55 0.35 0.55 ... ... ... ...
Niobium ... ... ... ... ... ... 42.0-47.0 ... ...
Zirconium ... ... 0.6-1.4 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Silicon ... ... 0.06-0.14 ... ... 0.20-0.40 ... ... ...
Residuals,D,E,F max each 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Residuals,D,E,F max total   0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
TitaniumG balance balance balance Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder balance
Note:

A. Analysis shall be completed for all elements listed in this table for each grade. The analysis results for the elements not quantified in the table need not be reported unless the concentration level is greater than 0.1 % each or 0.4 % total.
B. Lower hydrogen may be obtained by negotiation with the manufacturer.
C. Final product analysis.
D. Need not be reported.
E. A residual is an element present in a metal or an alloy in small quantities and is inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium these elements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.
F. The purchaser may, in his written purchase order, request analysis for specific residual elements not listed in this specification.
G. The percentage of titanium is determined by difference.