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ASTM Nut Specifications & Grades

ASTM A183 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Track Bolts and Nuts
This guide covers carbon steel track bolts and carbon steel nuts for use in conjunction with joint bars to connect rails in railroad track. The required chemical composition for steel is presented in details. The full section and the reduced-section bolt tension tests requirements are specified as per reference materials.

ASTM A194/A194M - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both.
This specification covers a variety of carbon, alloy, and martensitic and austenitic stainless steel nuts. These nuts are intended for high-pressure or high-temperature service, or both. Bars from which the nuts are made shall be hot-wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed. Hardness tests, proof of load tests, and cone proof load tests shall be made to all nuts to meet the requirements specified.

ASTM A563/A563M - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
This specification covers chemical and mechanical requirements for eight property classes of hex and hex-flange carbon and alloy steel nuts for general structural and mechanical uses on bolts, studs, and other externally threaded parts. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of material such as hardness and proof load, chemical, and mechanical requirements. Classes 8S3 and 10S3 nuts have atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics comparable to those of the steels. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. When properly exposed to the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.

ASTM A320/A320M - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service
This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. Each alloy shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements. The material, as represented by the tension specimens, shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. The material shall meet the prescribed impact energy absorption requirements and the recommended test temperature. Mechanical tests shall be conducted on the material, namely: impact testing, tension testing, and hardness testing.

ASTM A437/A437M - Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service.
This specifications covers alloy-steel bolting material specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. The grades of steels covered here are: Grade B4B, Grade B4C, and Grade B4D. Steels of Grades B4B and B4C shall undergo heating, liquid quenching, reheating, tempering, and air or furnace cooling, respectively. Steels of Grade B4D shall undergo heating, oil quenching, reheating or tempering, and air of furnace cooling, respectively. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, aluminum, titanium, and tin. The steels shall undergo tensile, impact, and hardness tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, impact value, Brinell hardness number, and Rockwell hardness number. All bars or forged blanks of starting material shall be subjected to nondestructive inspection using any of the following methods: Eddy current, Magnetic particle inspection (wet or dry), Liquid penetrant inspection, Ultrasonic testing, or Visual testing.

ASTM A453/A453M - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels.
This specification covers standards for Grade 660 (Class A, B, C, and D) , Grade 651 (Class A and B), Grade 662 (Class A and B), and Grade 665 (Class A and B) of bolting materials for use in high-temperature service such as fasteners, for pressure vessels and valve flanges. Bolting materials in this specification covers rolled, forged, or hot-extruded bars, and also bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts. Materials shall adhere to specified contents of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, columbium, aluminum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Materials shall be subjected to tension, stress-rupture, and hardness tests. Materials shall conform to yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, reduction of area, Brinell hardness, and Rockwell hardness requirements. Hardening and solution treatment requirements for each material class are also given.

ASTM A540/A540M - Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications. This specification covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials which may be used for nuclear and other special applications. Bolting materials as used in this specification cover rolled or forged bars, rotary pierced or extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar segments to be manufactured into bolts, studs, washers, and nuts. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium. Material which is ordered in the liquid-quenched and tempered condition shall be uniformly reheated from a temperature below the cooling transformation range to the proper austenitizing temperature. It shall be quenched in a liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions and then uniformly reheated for tempering. Tensile test, hardness, and impact test shall be measured to conform to the required mechanical properties.

ASTM A1014/A1014M - Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718) for High Temperature Service
This specification covers a precipitation hardening bolting material (UNS N07718) for high temperature service. The alloy shall be multiple melted using consumable electrode practice in the remelt cycle or shall be induction melted under vacuum. Requirements for solution treatment, precipitation heat treatment, straightening, and thread forming by rolling are detailed. Remelt ingots shall conform to the chemical composition requirements (as to chemical and product analyses) prescribed for the following elements: carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, titanium, aluminum, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. Tensile, hardness, and stress rupture tests shall be performed and test specimen shall meet the requirements specified for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness, and stress rupture. The method of determining the minimum full size breaking strength for headed fastener is given. Metallography shall be taken for microstructure and macrostructure properties including grain size and flow lines.

ASTM F467/F467M - Standard Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General Use.
This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous nuts in nominal thread diameters M6 to M36 inclusive in a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the chemical composition, hardness, proof stress, proof load, and tensile stress requirements.

ASTM F594 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts
This specification covers the requirements for stainless steel nuts in specified size, inclusive, in nominal diameter in a number of alloys in common use and intended for service applications requiring general corrosion resistance. Seven groups of stainless steel alloys are covered, including ten austenitic, two ferritic, four martensitic, and one precipitation hardening: Group 1; Group 2; Group 3; Group 4; Group 5; Group 6; and Group 7. The finished fasteners shall meet the applicable mechanical properties. Chemical tests; mechanical tests; and corrosion resistance shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.

ASTM F836M - Standard Specification for Style 1 Stainless Steel Metric Nuts (Metric). This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for style 1 stainless steel metric nuts. Groups and property classes of austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and precipitation hardening stainless steel alloys are covered. Materials shall be cold-formed, hot-formed, or machined form, and shall conform to chemical, mechanical, dimensional and surface finish properties. Stainless steel shall also conform to heat treatment requirements depending on material grade. The material shall be capable of passing chemical, mechanical, and corrosion resistance tests in accordance to the specification. Product marking and packaging shall conform to the requirements of the specification.

ASTM F901 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Transmission Tower Bolts and Nuts
This specification covers aluminum transmission tower bolts and nuts. Bolts shall be manufactured from alloy 2024 and nuts from alloy 6061 or 6262, and shall be cold formed, hot formed, or machined formed. Alloy materials for bolts and nuts shall conform to the chemical requirements of this specification. Bolts and nuts shall conform to the required tensile strength, dimensions, workmanship, finish, appearance, marking, packaging, and shipping. Test methods shall include chemical analysis, wedge tension test, shear test, and proof-stress test.